Microcredit: A Tool for Social and Economic Inclusion

Abstract

Microcredit has proven to be an innovative financial instrument with significant potential in combating poverty and social exclusion, particularly in developing countries like Angola, where access to formal banking is limited and the informal economy is prevalent. This article critically analyzes the historical evolution of microcredit, highlighting paradigmatic experiences such as Muhammad Yunus's Grameen Bank, and examines its socioeconomic and ethical impact in various contexts, focusing on the Angolan reality, including the participation of Zungueiras and Quitandeiras. These women, often involved in the informal sale of goods and services, represent a significant segment of the Angolan informal economy and could greatly benefit from access to microcredit. A systematic bibliographic and documentary review suggests that microcredit, when implemented responsibly and inclusively, can promote entrepreneurship, reduce gender inequalities, strengthen social capital, and boost local development. However, success depends on a robust, transparent institutional framework adapted to the specific needs of this group, considering cultural challenges and limitations in access to information and technology. The analysis considers potential barriers to credit access for Zungueiras and Quitandeiras, such as lack of collateral, the informality of their activities, and the complexity of bureaucratic processes, that stills in Angola.